Monsters Exist...
Thinking and reflecting on my life, I have been silent here for several months. I turned 61 in December and realized that I have never had a successful relationship in my entire life. The result of early and lasting emotional, physical, & sexual abuse as a child left me unable to trust or form intimate relationships. My life was spent keeping everyone at a distance unable to form the bonds needed to maintain a normal relationship - even with my children.
Although I'd been diagnosed with PTSD, I never associated my OCD, fear of the dark, and terrible night terrors to my abuse. Horrible nightmares plague me, mostly about my parents and their rejection of me. I've awakened crying out loud that I have no place to go upon my nightmare parents refusing to let me come home... or being lost and unable to find my way back to my home.
These dreams happen often - never a week goes by without them. I am now finally able to see that these are being caused by my abuse and that I still need help to come to terms with the abuse. Not something I've been willing to admit since in my mind, I had learned to deal with the abuse.
Strangely, I almost never dream of the actual abuse that occurred. And I have large periods of no memory - black holes in my life. While I never completely forgot the abuse, the black holes may be my mind's attempt to block the most horrific of the acts, which I am grateful for. The ones I remember are painful enough.
At that time and into my early 20's, I had no idea that this ever happened to anyone else. I was alone, deeply ashamed, and utterly hopeless. Admitting my abuse made me feel terrible - guilty. The one time I did go to a therapist, I was told that the abuse had happened long ago and I should be over it. It took nearly 20 years to get the courage seek help again and only because I was beginning to verbally abuse my son who was just entering puberty. I realized that my hatred of men was damaging my son and I attended group therapy for several years. While it helped me to stop the verbal abuse, it did not take away my depression, the nightmares, and other problems I was having.
I tried suicide several times, serious efforts which resulted in ICU and then lock-up. Unfortunately, I always managed to talk my way out in a few weeks, telling therapists what they wanted to hear.
Staring
at myself in the mirror as a child, I use to wonder what was wrong with
me. What could the monsters see that I couldn't? How was I at fault?
What led them to me and why did I hear my mother offer me to them? Why
didn't the other woman who knew protect me? Why wasn't I worth
protecting?
Questions I was never able to answer....
But, I've decided to once again seek the services of a therapist... a good decision on my part, but very difficult for me to do.
I wrote this in hopes that others like me will break their silence and seek help... especially if it is abuse that is still ongoing.
Globug
| | Post Traumatic Stress Disorder in Adult Survivors of Child Abuse
August 25, 2006
Trauma specialists believe that "what is most tragic about child abuse
and neglect is the exploitation of the child's attachment to the
parent." To be sure, it is far easier to abuse one's own children,
precisely because their love and loyalty to the parent render them much
more compliant than they would be to a stranger. It is exactly this
attachment exploitation that teaches children they are not safe in a
relationship to other human beings.
Physical abuse itself does not cause trouble. Most people have had
physical injuries, fractures or burns during childhood due to purely
accidental causes and they have not been harmed by it because they have
been comforted and cared for by good caregivers at the time of the
incident. Damage comes when the injuries are inflicted by those to who
one looks for love and protection, and there is no relief from the
trauma. |
It is the emotional and psychological setting in which the sexual
maltreatment occurs, and with whom it has occured, that makes the
difference and causes lasting damage.
Children are born into the world absolutely dependent and helpless. They
depend on others for food, warmth, cleanliness and protection from
threat. Children's natural and healthy helplessness is transformed into
terror and dispair when those needs are ignored, or when a parent plays
"let's make a deal" with those needs.
Childhood should be a time of no-risk dependency. Many children, in
desperation, learn to care prematurely for themselves...at the expense
of trust in others, emotional growth and self-acceptance. Unfortunately,
try as they might, such children can never absolutely ensure their
survival, simply because it is never absolutely within their control.
Try as they might, parents cannot always protect their children from
trauma. A relative dies. The house burns down. The child witnesses a
fatal car accident. The child is molested by someone outside the family
and terrorized into keeping the secret. Yet, children can survive intact
emotionally if adults provide them with a sense of safety and
well-being in the aftermath of traumatic events.
Realistic, protective and compassionate treatment by adults can become
more meaningful than the trauma itself, thus lessening its
after-effects. However, when the source of the trouble is within the
family, realism, protection and comapssion are usually in short supply.
It is often not so much what actually happened that causes the
"persistant negative effects" of trauma, as it is the absence of healing
responses...what didn't happen afterward.
Suppose that in the midst of a tornado a child sought comfort and
protection from his parents and was told, "What tornado? It's a
beautiful day...Go outside and play." That's how crazy and unsafe the
world seems to some children. Some survivors have tried to tell the
truth about the abuse and were called liars or accused of being
responsible for the abuser's behavior.
When a victim or survivor is disbelieved, shamed, threatened into
silence, or when the disclosure is minimized or becomes cause for
punishment, the trauma inflicted by willful ignorance compounds the
original trauma. Children can withstand a lot with the help of other
people; conversely, the denial or rejection of children's normal
thoughts and feelings about trauma can cause as much pain as the
original trauma.
To minimize the damage of trauma, children also need protection from
further harm. But in troubled families it is not in the abuser's best
interest to teach the child how to prevent further abuse. The
nonprotective parent who denies or minimizes the abuse is usually
passive. The child is usually left on his own to figure out the best way
to protect himself.
Survivors rarely, if ever, benefitted from the compassionate and
reasonable reactions that would have lessened the effects of their
troubled childhoods. Given the enormity of what didn't happen after
their traumas, it isn't surprising that they entered adulthood numb and
anxious, or both. Protective numbing and reactive anxiety are, after
all, normal reactions to abnormal situations.
Clearly, people were not meant to be physically or sexually abused.
Human beings are not equipped to understand abuse as it happens, not to
feel the full force of their physiological response at the time. And
they cannot, at that moment, find meaning in the experience of the
abuse. Each of these important elements of accomodation can only happen
later, in distinct stages.
Survivors commonly speak of how they endured trauma by pretending that
their mind and spirit had gone to a safer place, leaving the body behind
to endure the abuse.
Abused children abandon reality, dissociating mind from body so they
won't be overwhelmed and their ability to cope won't be shattered. Even a
relatively minor trauma can provoke dissociation until a person is
later able to integrate the experience. "Later", in the case of chronic
abuse, particularly where the child has no support, may mean years
later.
In the short run, dissociation is a very effective defense, walling off
what cannot be accomodated. Sometimes the actual memory of the abuse
goes into deep freeze. An incident in the present may trigger strong
feelings that really belong to an incident in the past. The survivor may
become enraged by what merely annoys others, devastated when others are
momentarily sad, panicked when others are just worried. Present events
tap into a deep well of feelings whose source remains alusive.
When asked what the worst memory from their childhood is, many survivors reply, "My worst memory has yet to surface."
Sometimes only the feelings go into deep freeze. Some suvivors have
perfect, excruciating detailed recall of the abuse itself, but are numb
to their feelings. Their hearts are in deep freeze. They do fine when
they are not provoked to feel too much. They may avoid friendships and
romance, or enter into them only on their own terms. They believe their
feelings are as troublesome and overwhelming today as their parents once
told them they were. They are numb to feelings as a way to keep
control.
Many survivors ask, "If I don't remember the trauma, or if I don't have
strong feelings about it, isn't that better?" Dissociation eventually
takes far more effort than it is worth. The more we try not to, the more
feelings and thoughts assert themselves, unconsciously demanding our
attention. It takes an enormous toll to keep perfectly legitimate
memories and feelings about childhood trauma in deep freeze. In the long
run, one is better letting the thaw happen, and with the support of
others, participating in some manner of "cure" that will allow life to
go on.
Some survivors don't know they have a highly recognizable and treatable
anxiety disorder called Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), which has
been associated with survivors of the Vietnam War, the Holocaust, mass
murders, natural disasters, rape, kidnapping, accidents, torture, and
other extraordinary events.
People with PTSD often re-experience the trauma in their minds. When the
memory brings on a physiological response or feeling this is called an
abreaction. (The release of emotional tension through the recalling of a
repressed traumatic event.) Often the situation that brings on the
abreaction is reminiscent of the original trauma.
An abreaction could be triggered by something someone says,
circumstances such as the press of a crowd, being left totally alone, a
darkened room...or even a particular time of the year, smells, touch,
tastes...or other things associated with the trauma. Suddenly, the
survivor is transported as if in a time machine to the event of the
original trauma and reacts with the emotional intensity that would have
been appropriate then, though not now. During an abreaction it is
difficult to distinguish "what was" from "what is".
Herein lies the Achilles Heels for survivors. They function well in many
aspects of life until they encounter the events or circumstances that
are likely to trigger abreactions: emotional vulnerability, physical
illness or evasive medical procedures, struggles with authority figures,
cultural oppression or abandonment, to name a few.
A person with PTSD lives with a persistent avoidance of stimuli
associated with the trauma or numbing of general responsiveness.
Survivors with PTSD may avoid any intimate connection, often resulting
in feelings of detachment or estrangement from others. Survivors often
have highly developed social skills and may seem to be extremely
extroverted, but their dealings with others may preclude vulnerability.
They can talk about movies or work or the weather, but they have
difficulty expressing their feelings. Or, they may have constricted
feelings. They may be unable to identify and express a wide range of
emotions, particularly the anger, fear and sadness so closely associated
with the original traumatic events.
Certain circumstances can make the disorder longer lasting and more
severe. If a trauma is repeated, for instance, as in chronic physical or
sexual abuse, then the disorder might persist more than it would after
only one incident. Repitition does not make one immune to the
consequences of trauma. Rather, it has a cumulative effect, as
unresolved trauma is layered upon unresolved trauma.
Traumatic events that are human in origin seem to have more severe
after-effects than natural disasters. Hurtful and frightening as it is
to be raped by a stranger, or to be in the path of a natural disaster,
the creation of a personal disaster by a loved one is vastly more
bewildering and overwhelming.
Another circumstance that contributes to the persistance of PTSD is the
victim's age. The younger the victim, the more vulnerable he is. The
more developmental skills and life experiences uncontaminated by trauma a
child has, the more he has to draw on in the face of trauma. When life
goes well, and children are loved and protected, each day is like a
deposit in a savings account. Neglect, repeated physical abuse or sexual
assault...or other life-threatening events, make huge withdrawals on
the account. The more a child has in the bank when the trauma occurs,
the better the prognosis for a quick recovery. Small children who are
repeatedly traumatized usually have few deposits and easily become
emotionally bankrupt.
When the survivor is ready to deal with it, memories and feelings begin
to reconnect. He or she remembers, with the mind and feelings, instead
of dismembering through dissociation.
The beginning of reconnection is usually attibuted to the fortuitous
occurence of a trigger - an event or circumstance obviously associated
with or reminiscent of the original trauma. There must also always be
the simultaneous occurence of a positive trigger before the reconnection
can begin. For instance, the survivor may have found someone
trustworthy to talk to (therapist, friend, partner, support group) and
may finally feel safe and sane enough to explore and accept her
feelings.
The pain and disorientation can be balanced by focusing on the positive
trigger. During this process, survivors should ask themselves, "Why now?
Why didn't I remember this two years ago? Five years ago?" The answer
lies in the conjunction of this trigger, along with the negative one,
which tells the survivor "you can afford to reconnect now...you have the
power, judgement, insight and support that you truly did not have as a
child. It is safe enough."
Walling off parts of the trauma was once the solution to an unbearable
situation. Eventually, it causes problems in the mind, heart and spirit,
in one's relationships with the child within and others, and in one's
work. Trauma, if left unresolved, is destined to be re-enacted in one of
those vital aspects of the self.
To recognize that a mother is exploiting you for her own ends, or that a
father is unjust and tyrannical, or that neither parent ever wanted
you, is intensely painful. Moreover, it is frightening. Given any
loophole, most children will seek to see their parent's behavior in some
more favorable light. This natural bias of children is easy to exploit.
It is not just the child's body that is abused or neglected. Troubled
families mess with a child's mind. Virtually all survivors believe that
their ability to think, to intellectually master the challenges in their
lives, was of of their greatest strengths as children. Like other
coping mechanisms, their over-reliance on rationality fell into
obsolesence and became one of their greater weaknesses.
Children struggle to make some sense of a loved one's abusive and
neglectful treatment. If the child understood what abuse really was, a
random and violent imposition of another's will onto a relatively
helpless person, he would despair at such hopelessness and betrayal.
Therefore, he uses every mental effort to make himself seem in greater
control while transforming the abusive parent into the safe and loving
caretaker he so desperately needs. Such lies of the mind require mental
gymnastics.
Children don't do this thinking in a vacuum. In some situations they are
told what to think. In most cases they are influenced by the abuser's
faulty thinking and by the rationalization of the adults who passively
enable the abuse to go on. Children hear what those powerful adults say
and what they don't say.
On top of the abuse and neglect, denial heaps more hurt upon the child
by requiring the child to alienate herself from reality and her own
experience. In troubled families, abuse and neglect are permitted; it's
the talking about them that is forbidden.
Minimization is a thinking error designed to protect the injured self,
making one seem a little less injured. The need for it can lessen as the
survivor can afford to embrace the full reality of the past.
(Refraining from denial is an act of courage for survivors. They have to
choose quite literally between being alienated from themselves and
reality...or being alienated from family members who still deny abuse.)
In troubled families, the thinking around who is responsible is
convoluted at best. Abusive parents externalize, blaming other people,
places and things for their behavior. They compensate by controlling
everyone around them. But...in their heart of hearts...they feel out of
control. They must blame others because it is too painful to take
responsibility for their unhappiness. Children are easy targets because
they cannot challenge their parent's thinking errors. Few children can
argue when facing an enraged mother. Hearing accusations often enough,
children come to believe that they are responsible for their parent's
troubled behavior.
Unfortunately, children receive an internal psychological payoff when
they believe the abuse is their fault...a false sense of power. The
child can let the unfairness and danger of the violence shatter him, or
he can tell himself, "I'm not frightened or angry or sad or helpless or
innocent. There is nothing wrong with this situation. This is happening
to me for a good reason. This is happening to me because I deserve it,
because I provoked it, because I was put here on Earth to endure such
things. There is really nothing out of the ordinary about this."
The child is doing the best he or she can do to make sense out of the
abuse or neglect, by feeling guilty and responsible, thereby holding on
to the illusion that he or she is in control of what is truly out of
control. This illusion of power seems better than acknowledging that one
has no power at all. Such pseudologic quells feelings of hurt, rage,
terror, confusion or sadness...rationalizing them into a deep freeze.
The child's sense of guilt and responsibility is useful to the abusive
parent, who believes he isn't abusive..that it is the child who forces
him into being abusive. The nonprotective adults want the child to bear
the guilt so they won't have to face the harm their neglect is causing.
So...the dance of the violent family begins: Children are responsible
for adult's behavior...adults are responsible for nothing.
Faced with random, senseless abuse, a child begins to think herself as inherently unlovable.
Believing oneself to be guilty, responsible, or in control of others'
hurtful behavior can be a tenacious habit. Many survivors deal with any
overwhelming experience - physical illness, abandoment by a friend or
spouse, academic or job demands - by "comforting" themselves with the
illusion that they are in fact in control and to blame. An enormous
amount of energy is sapped by this irrational guilt.
Rarely do survivors see themselves as so powerful over the good in their
own lives. Here, their parent's constant projection has left it's mark.
Many survivors, convinced of their inherent worthlessness and
inadequacy, look to other people, places and things for salvation. Only
when they have the "perfect intimate partner, their dream house, or
public recognition for their work" will they be redeemed. Of course,
anything so powerful to save their lives might also destroy their lives,
which brings the survivor back full circle to his original feeling of
powerlessness. Reasponsible for all the pain in the world...he is inept
at enjoying his own happiness.
Fantasy, as a coping mechanism can also be a weakness. Too often
fantasies become more real than relationships. Survivors may fantasize a
lot about what other people think or feel about them.
Trauma influences our ways of organizing in our minds what goes on out
in the world. Survivors who have not fared well in life tend to think in
sweeping generalities...people are either good or bad, with no gray
area in between. Everything is "always" or "never", with no room for
"doesn't matter much." In contrast, some survivors have thinking that is
highly compartmentalized.
Children simply do not have the cognitive development or life experience
for clear thinking in the face of trauma. Their thinking errors reflect
their best attempt to comprehend the incomprehensible...when the truth
wasn't offered or allowed. A first step to recovery, then, is to
examine, challenge, and change these old ways of thinking about trauma.
The goal of sorting through the lies of the mind is to learn to take the
abuse less personally, and thereby to feel safer. By looking back, the
powerful adult mind can more objectively measure the powerlessness of
the traumatized child.
Thinkly clearly may not be the entire answer, but it is an excellent and
necessary beginning. Emerson wrote: "It is the oyster who mends its
shell with pearls." But, unlike oysters, we are not solitary creatures.
We mend one another as well as ourselves. Pearls of wisdom help us to
take the next step...to heal in the company of other people, feeling the
effects of the trauma while we hold onto our life rafts.
Feelings begin in the body, not in the mind. Many survivors say, "I know
what happened wasn't my fault, but I still feel somewhat unlovable and
damaged. My self-worth is measured by how other people see me. My head
knows that is wrong, but my heart feels differently. Thinking comes much
more easily to me...it's still a big risk to feel. If I ever started to
cry, I'd cry a river. If I ever felt the terror of it all, I'd
disintegrate into nothingness."
Children don't innately know how to repress their spontaneous responses.
They have to be taught, and troubled parents are perhaps the best
teachers of all. There are three iron-clad rules in the abusive home:
Don't talk. Don't trust. Don't feel. To break any of them means risking
rejection or punishment.
One of the few predictable aspects of a violent family is the
unpredictablity of the parent's responses. Every time the child cries,
he gets a different response. Soon he realizes that it is unsafe to cry.
After a while, he keeps his feelings to himself and perhaps loathes
spontaneity because it causes so much trouble.
Young children offer their feelings to adults as gifts, as their
currency of exchange in intimacy. All they can do to be close to adults
is to offer their feelings. When their feelings are ignored or rejected
as wrong, bad, troublesome, sick, crazy or stupid...they feel rejected.
The young mind reasons "since my feelings are unacceptable, I must be
unacceptable, too."
Beyond teaching children to recognize and articulate their feelings,
parents help children to contain and express feelings constructively.
When children do not learn how to do this they may become overwhelmed by
them, experiencing them as floods. They may come to fear or loathe
their feelings.
Adults from abusive homes can also become pain-avoidant. Survivors
attempt to control the people and events around them so that they will
never feel pain again.
What is most tragic about pain-avoidant behavior is that it is a defense
against something that has already happened and cannot be undone. A
survivor cannot live fully in the present until he or she has the past
in perspective. Sometimes being preoccupied and defensive about the pain
waiting in the future is just a distraction from addressing the real
pain in the past.
To be intimate is to risk pain. There are no guanantees. To miss years
of loving to avoid the pain of loss is too high a price to pay.
Survivors attempt to flee from feelings about having been abused, from
normal reactions to an abnormal situation. Because that situation was
life-threatening in the past, some survivors mistakenly believe that to
experience those feelings today would also be life-threatening, would
bring on an emotional breakdown, a falling apart akin to death. They do
not understand that the breakdown has already happened, when their
feelings were preempted by shame.
A survivor can afford to look that "death" squarely in the face when he
has people who will stand by him, as well as the insight and power he
did not have as a child. When it is finally safe enough, the survivor
will remember the memories and feel the feelings about the trauma. Such a
"thawing out" is a second chance, an emotional reincarnation.
Still...the first sensations that have been repressed or avoided all of
one's life can feel like a tidal wave.
When he is ready, the thoughts and feelings return. In response to what
has been uncovered, he often feels great anger at the betrayal itself
and the injustice and randomness of the violence.
Underneath that anger is a terror and helplessness that is more
difficult to experience than the anger. ("Maybe it wasn't as bad as I
remember. Maybe I'm just exaggerating.") This can go on for a long time,
but with the help of others, the survivor will eventually accept that
the trauma was as bad as he knows it was.